This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Lightning fire is the dominant natural disturbance of the western mixedwood boreal forest of North America. We quantified the independent ...

Let’s talk about two of the main classifications of plant diseases — biotic and abiotic — and the differences between them. The term “abiotic” means “without life.” Examples include damage from the ...

Although a number of recent studies have demonstrated biotic homogenization, these have mainly focused on larger spatial scales. Homogenizing effects are equally important at finer resolutions, e.g.