Liz Manning has researched, written, and edited trading, investing, and personal finance content for years, following her time working in institutional sales, commercial banking, retail investing, ...

Learn how Valued Policy Law requires insurers to pay full policy value on total loss, its workings, key states enforcing it, and the controversies it spurs.

Abstract: Gradient-based Bi-Level Optimization (BLO) methods have been widely applied to handle modern learning tasks. However, most existing strategies are theoretically designed based on restrictive ...